Total number of dendritic end tips ( 17). Increased branch additions and retractions ( 16), and another study found that bothĭominant-negative and constitutively active Cdc42 decrease the It has been found that enhanced Cdc42 activity selectively Regulator of multiple aspects of dendritic development ( 15). That loss-of-function mutations of Cdc42 result in normalĬomplexity but increased dendritic length, as well as defects inĭendrite caliber and stereotyped dendritic branch positions inĭrosophila mushroom body neurons, suggesting that Cdc42 is a Morphology in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system A previous report revealed thatĪctivated mutant Cdc42 expression inhibits dendritic arbor Has emerged as a key regulator in dendrite branching and spineĭevelopment and morphology ( 11– 13). Negative regulator of dendrite arbor growth ( 5, 9, 10).Ĭdc42 is highly expressed in the nervous system and Regulate dendrite growth and dynamics, whereas RhoA acts as a To date, the most common view is that Rac1 and Cdc42 positively Growth dynamics of the cytoskeleton ( 5– 8). That control dendrite growth in mammalian neurons by regulating the (Cdc42) are extensively characterized members of the Rho family Substrate 1 (Rac1) and cell division control protein 42 homologue Migration, cell polarity and cell cycle progression ( 4). Rho GTPases are well-established regulators of the actinĬytoskeleton in various biological processes, including cell The coordinated organization of the cytoskeleton ( 2, 3). Of dendrites is essential for neuronal function, which depends on The complex and characteristic structures ofĭendrites in neurons are critical to their function of receiving Collectively, these results indicated an important role for CEP4 in dendrite growth in hippocampal neurons. Knockdown of CEP4 with short hairpin RNA suppressed dendrite growth, whereas overexpression of wild‑type CEP4 promoted dendrite growth in primary isolated mouse hippocampal neurons. In the present study, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis were conducted, revealing that CEP4 is highly expressed in the brain, and that the expression of CEP4 is gradually increased during neurodevelopment. However, the physiological function of CEP4 in neurons is unknown. Cdc42 effector protein‑4 (CEP4) was identified to be a binding partner of Rho GTPase 4 and is ubiquitously expressed in all adult tissues. However, the proteins mediating the regulatory effects of Cdc42 activity on neuronal morphology are largely unknown. Cell division control protein 42 homolog (Cdc42), one of the most characteristic members of the Rho protein family, is required for multiple aspects of dendritic morphogenesis.
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